This subsoil presents a challenge due to increasing alkalinity and high soil strength below 15 cm. Bands of mildly cemented carbonate nodules were present below 30 cm, where penetration resistance peaks at over 4600 kPa.
These conditions can restrict root growth and limit access to deeper moisture and nutrients.

In summary, while Elliston’s soil has some beneficial characteristics, including high nitrogen content and adequate potassium, its extreme alkalinity, poor phosphorus availability, iron deficiency, and subsoil constraints pose significant challenges.
Effective management strategies, such as banding phosphorus fertilisers, addressing micronutrient deficiencies, and improving soil strength, will be essential for maintaining and improving agricultural productivity in these soil types.

Soil Pit Summary